Romania's economy is a complex, high-income economy with a skilled workforce, 12th in the European Union by total nominal GDP and 7th in size when adjusted by purchasing power parity. The World Bank notes that Romania's efforts are focused on accelerating structural reforms. and strengthening institutions to further converge with the European Union. The country's economic growth has been one of the highest in the EU since 2010, with an unexpected 5.8% growth in the first half of 2022.

In recent years, it has recorded growth rates such as: 4.8% in 2016, 7.1% in 2017, 4.4% in 2018 and 4.1% in 2019.[ In 2020, its GDP per capita inhabitant in purchasing power standards reached 72% of the European Union. average, up from 44% in 2007, the highest growth rate in the EU27. Romania's economy ranks 36th in the world by GDP (PPP), with an annual output of 731 billion dollars (2022).

The country is a leading destination in Central and Eastern Europe for foreign direct investment: cumulative FDI since 1989 totals over $170 billion. Romania is the largest electronics producer in the region. Over the past 20 years, Romania has also become a major center for mobile technology, information security and related hardware research. The country is a regional leader in areas such as IT and automobile production. Bucharest, the capital, is one of the most important financial and industrial centers in Eastern Europe.

Romania's top 10 exports are vehicles, machinery, chemicals, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, base metals, food products and rubber and plastics. Imports of goods and services increased by 9.3%, while exports increased by 7.6% in 2016 compared to 2015. Exports of goods and services were expected to increase by 5.6% in 2017, while imports rose by 8.5%, according to the latest. CNP (National Forecasting Commission) projections.

Romanian industry generated 33.6% of the local gross domestic product (GDP) in the first half of 2018.